SpaceX plans to launch 1 million solar-powered data centers into orbit.

SpaceX has submitted a proposal to the FCC, aiming to launch a staggering constellation of 1 million data center satellites into orbit. While it’s unlikely that the FCC will greenlight such an extensive network, SpaceX often starts with ambitious requests to set the stage for negotiations.

The proposal outlines a vision for solar-powered data centers in low Earth orbit that would communicate with each other using laser technology. The filing describes this constellation in grand, sci-fi terms, suggesting it represents a “first step towards becoming a Kardashev II-level civilization — one capable of harnessing the Sun’s full power.”

Even if only a fraction of these 1 million satellites make it into space, it would significantly boost the number of human-made objects orbiting Earth. Currently, the European Space Agency estimates around 15,000 satellites are in orbit, with the majority being Starlink satellites—over 9,600, according to recent reports.

Given the growing concerns about space debris and the risk of orbital collisions, the idea of adding so many satellites raises eyebrows. However, SpaceX contends that these orbital data centers would offer a more cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative to traditional land-based centers that support the expanding AI sector. Unlike terrestrial data centers that consume local water, pollute groundwater, and inflate electricity costs, these orbital facilities could dissipate heat into the vacuum of space and primarily rely on solar energy and limited battery storage.

As opposition to data centers intensifies, with communities increasingly successful in blocking their construction, it’s no wonder that major players in AI are exploring options in the less contentious realm of space.

Correction January 31st: An earlier version of this article inaccurately stated that there were over 11,000 Starlink satellites in orbit. This figure included decommissioned satellites, and the correction reflects the number of currently active Starlink satellites.